نتیجه ای‌پی‌آی مدیاویکی

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            "134": {
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                "title": "Syed Zahoor Hashmi",
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                        "*": "<div style=\"direction:ltr; font-family:tahoma\">\nSyed Zahoor Hashmi\n[[Balochi]] literature is very rich in oral tradition but comparatively poor in the printed form. It was only in the early twentieth century that Balochi began to be transcribed in books. Under such trying conditions, it wasn\u2019t easy for anyone to devote his entire life to the promotion of Balochi literature. Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi was a man with the commitment to do that.  \nSyed Hashmi just not modernized Balochi poetry by giving it a new contemporary direction, but he also freed Balochi poetic diction from the influence of Persian and Urdu. He set a mile stone by writing the first [[Baloch]] [[novel]] in the language. He also developed the standard Baloch script, standardized Balochi grammar, syntax and authored the first comprehensive Balochi dictionary, with thousands of entries spread on 833 folio size pages, supplemented with a guide on pronunciation and punctuation etc.\nSyed Hashmi born in 1939 A.D. in the coastal town of [[Gwadur]], which was then, lay in the territorial jurisdiction of the sultanate of [[Oman]]. He received elementary education at home from his father, Syed Mohammad Shah, who was a learned man in the oriental tradition. He was enrolled in a local school, where he taught Arabic language as a compulsory subject, besides [[Persian]] and [[English]]. When he was in juvenile, he acquired a fondness for Persian poetry, particularly that of [[Hafiz Shirazi]], Shaikh [[Saadi]] and [[Allama Iqbal]], which led his writing Persian as well as Urdu poetry.\nHe forms a social welfare organization for the development of Gwadur with the help of other inmates of Gwadur. Soon, he was very popular in Gwadur for his truly commitments to their people. The wali of Gwadur took notice this and realized that he might be dangerous for him by creating this type of awareness in the people of Gwadur. In a very short span of time, Syed Hashmi, not just established a library in the town, but he also changed this library into a centre of political activities. With the order of Wali of Gwadur, he was arrested and sentenced into imprisoned. This act wormed the atmosphere of Gwadur and Wali of Gwadur soon realized that this might be changed into a worst scenario for him and his Government position in the Gwadur. With this immense fear, the Wali of Gwadur not just free him but also sent him into exile.\nSyed Hashmi came to Pakistan and joined the Radio Pakistan Karachi as in charge of Balochi Service. During his services of Balochi transmission, he learned, that the Balochi language is very poor in form of prose and modern literature. He also feels the shortage of any standard Balochi script and grammar. With the aims of providing a standard script to Balochi language and promotion of good Balochi literature, he started writing not just Balochi poetry but modern prose as well. He also started research about classic Balochi poetry. He also took efforts for the merger of two Balochi organizations Halqa-i-Adab and Balochi [[Bazm-i-Adab]] to form a one organization [[Zuban-i-Sarchamag]]. In 1954, he compiled a basic Qaida of Balochi language. This Qaida was much wormed welcomed and approved by [[Sarchamag]] and veteran Balochi writer and researcher i.e. [[Gul Khan Nasir]] and [[Mohammad Hussain Anqa]]. He and his linguist colleague [[Abdul Samad Amiri]] visited different area of Balochistan for the search of different dialects of Balochi language. In this journey, they gathered valuable knowledge about the classical as well as contemporary language and literature. Syed also visited Iran to study the Balochi literature of that area.\nDue to harsh disputes between the members of Sarchamag, he left the Karachi and spent many years of his life in Bahrain.\nDuring his last years of life, he devoted his days and nights for the development of Balochi language. Tuberculosis caught him and his health was deteriorating day by day, but he speeds up his works. During his ailments, he compiled a book about Balochi grammar named Balochi Siyahag-i-rast nibisag.\nAfter discharge from hospital, he came once again in United India, but this time his destination was Bombay, where he published his books. These books were Balochi Siyahag-i-rast nibisag, Sistaagen dastonk, Angar-o-trungle, Trapkanen trimp, Balochi bungeji, Mirgind and Balochi translation of Quranic para, Ain Meem.\nIn 1963, a European orientalist Dr. John Strasser came to Pakistan to study the Balochi language. He visited the different Balochi-speaking areas of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan, and held meeting with the Balochi writers. Strasser also met Hashmi and was greatly inspired by hid insight into Balochi language and literature. Later, Strasser went to Pune (India) and invited Hashmi to join him there. There the latter had meetings with the prominent linguist Dr. N.S. Shukla and learnt a lot about the language of [[Indo-Iranian]] origin from him, which deepened his knowledge of Balochi language. \nIn 1970, he married with [[Banul Dashtyari]]. In Karachi, Hashmi published [[Nazuk]], the first novel in Balochi language, and finalized Sayad Gung (Balochi dictionary), Balochi Zuban-o-Adab ki Tarikh and other books. [[Sayad Gung]] is the most precious labor of his life, which took 26 years of extensive research, challenging journeys across the Balochi-speaking world and countless discussion with the scholars, and the common folk to complete. \nSyed Hashmi died April 1978 A.D. in Karachi. He is no more now, but his countless efforts for the promotion of Balochi language will remain in our minds.\nBooks and Author ( DAWN Karachi)\n[[category:\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0631]]"
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            "22": {
                "pageid": 22,
                "ns": 0,
                "title": "The Balochi Language of Turkmenistan",
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                        "*": "<div style=\"direction:ltr; font-family:tahoma\">\n\n[[The Balochi Language of Turkmenistan]]: A corpus-based grammatical description\nAuthor:  Axenov, Serge\nLanguage:  English \nAbstract:\nThis dissertation is a synchronic description of the [[Balochi language]] as spoken in Turkmenistan. The dissertation consists of three main parts: sound structure, word and phraselevel morphosyntax and clause structure. The purpose of the present study is to describe the basic phonological, morphological and syntactic structure of the Balochi dialect of Turkmenistan in accordance with the principles of descriptive linguistics. This method has been chosen in order to present synchronic data on various language levels and to lay the basis for further studies of this variety of the Balochi language, as well as for comparative studies in Iranian linguistics. The language data are presented in the book in such a way as to make it accessible also to non-specialists in Iranian languages.\nThe oral texts used as language data have been written down or recorded during seven trips to Turkmenistan in the period between 1989 and 2000. The main part of the material consists of folktales, recordings of common speech and ethnographic texts. Folktales written down in the Latin and Cyrillic scripts by the Baloch themselves have also been used as linguistic data for the dissertation.\nDuring the last twenty years the Baloch have started to leave their national settlements and actively migrate within the territory of Turkmenistan because of lack of water and the soil salination. In the future this migration is likely to bring about diverging Balochi geolects in the territory of Turkmenistan. The majority of migrants from the Baloch settlements, however, seem to switch fromBalochi to Turkmen in all linguistic domains, including the home.\nIn this context the recording of speech samples of the Balochi language in Turkmenistan and linguistic descriptions of the language seem to be of special importance.\n\nClick here to download the book\n[[Category:\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc]]\n[[\u0631\u062f\u0647:\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc]]"
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